2 + 2 = 4

The latest research on the effects of environment and genetics...

Sat, 26 May 2012 13:06:00 +0100

The latest research on the effects of environment and genetics on personality…

Freedomain Radio: The Latest Science of Nature Versus Nurture

Gestalt Dream Analysis

Tue, 22 May 2012 22:32:33 +0100

Dreams are seen as being projections of parts of oneself. Often these are parts that have been ignored, rejected or even suppressed. One aim of gestalt dream analysis is to accept and reintegrate these. As with all gestalt therapy, dream analysis involves much dialogue and acting out.

The dreamer is encouraged to enter into dialogue with the various aspects of the dream. The dreamer will also be encouraged to take the part of the dream elements, to act out the dream from their perspective. This applies as much to inanimate as to animate objects. So, for example, if you dream of being chased across a field you might begin a dialogue where you turn to face the pursuer and start asking him/her/it questions. Then you might take the place of the pursuer and start describing the chase from that point of view. This process could then be repeated from the perspective of a tree in the field overlooking the chase – a new perspective that could bring unexpected realisation.

Fritz Perls and Gestalt Dream Analysis

Malspeculation

Sat, 19 May 2012 17:47:31 +0100

Malspeculation :

A speculation is the purchase or sale of an asset in order to gain from a favorable change in the price. A malspeculation is the purchase of an asset based on mistaken beliefs, which results in a loss. During the real estate boom, there is both systemic (economy-wide) malinvestment and malspeculation. Real estate developers expect to profit not just from the capital goods, the buildings, but also from a further rise in the site value.

The 19th-century economist and social philosopher Henry George developed the theory of the business or trade cycle based on malspeculation in land value, although he did not use that term. Such malspeculation would not occur in a pure free market, thus the “business” cycle should more accurately be called “the interventionist cycle” or “the economic distortion cycle.”

There are two major interventions that cause malspeculation. First is an injection of money into the banking system, an increase in loanable funds not caused by higher savings but by money expansion. The resultant cheap credit fuels both malinvestment and malspeculation in real estate. When the money injections stop, interest rates rise back up, and such projects and purchases slow down and stop. When land values stop rising, speculators sell, and the fall in land values brings down the financial sector that provided the mortgages. Malspeculation carries land values beyond that warranted by the rents. Henry George called this a lockout of labor and capital. With the use of real estate now unprofitable and unaffordable, land values crash.

The boom-bust real estate and economic distortion cycles have repeated for that past 200 years, yet the 2008 crash surprised not just malspeculators but also economists, financial analysts, and governmental officials. The reason the cycle recurs is that, as the philosopher Hegel observed, people do not learn from history. Or they learn the wrong lessons. They shun Georgist theory, and thus become mal-economists, mal-financiers, and mal-authorities.

Add “malspeculation” to your dictionary. Malspeculation is a vital concept that curiously has not had a name, because the role of land in the boom-bust cycle has not been appreciated. The Crash of 2008 was caused by malspeculation, and so the word will find the light of day.

The Foldvarium: Malspeculation

Rebuttal to Arguments Against Land Value Taxation

Sat, 19 May 2012 17:21:00 +0100

Rebuttal to Arguments Against Land Value Taxation :

#3. Critics say that there is plenty of bare land, so there is no shortage of land, and no land problem. Yes, there is much unused land, but what matters is the scarcity of land in locations people want to use.

#4. Critics say that much of the value of land comes from services and improvements such as streets, parks, and security, so land-value taxation would tax the capital goods along with land. No, because if the added value comes from privately provided works, the payment would go to the providers by contract. If the public works are provided by government, then the added rental goes to the government to pay back value received and avoid a subsidy to landowners.

#7. Critics say that LVT redistributes wealth from landowners, but there is nothing morally wrong with an inequality in wealth and income. But when government provides public goods paid for by taxes other than on land, this pumps up rent and land value, redistributing wealth from workers to landowners. And for land value provided by nature, geoist ethics say that human equality requires an equal benefit from natural resources. Inequality in market wages respects equal self-ownership, while an unequal benefit from the natural heritage does violate our creation as moral equals.

#9. Critics of LVT claim that much of wages is due to luck, connections, and talents, so a portion is wages is unearned. But as Henry George wrote, justice is the end, taxation only the means. It is just for the benefits of natural resource to be shared, and for landowners to pay back the rental generated by public goods. Self-ownership is also just, even if some have greater wealth due to luck. Nobody is coercively harmed if one person has more talent than others. If others own your luck, you become a slave to them, violating self-ownership.

#12. Critics claim that there is no precise method of separating land value from improvement value. They have not talked to professional real estate appraisers. Land value appraisal is needed for fire insurance, mortgages, the purchase of land with a building to be demolished, and other private transactions. Techniques to appraise site value include comparable sales of bare lots or lots sold for demolition, calculating the replacement costs of buildings minus depreciation, and maps of neighborhood properties.

#14. Socialist critics claim that LVT leaves intact capital inequalities. But much of the historical inequality of wealth has come from land tenure. Over time, inherited wealth other than land dissipates or gets donated to charity. With good education and equal access to natural opportunities, inequalities in financial assets are not unjust so long as there is no force or fraud.

The Foldvarium: Rebuttal to Arguments Against Land Value Taxation

"Land"

Fri, 18 May 2012 09:17:00 +0100

In response to the Anarcho-Capitalism FAQ:

A Geoanarchist perspective on what is and is not valid property:

“Land” is a concept, a term for an indefinite (and thus potentially unlimited) congregation[1] of atoms. Property (or “capital” or “the means of production”) is that which is evidently and definitely produced by human action: a purposeful process of creation, transformation, production, manufacture, mixing labor, changing properties, etc

Rather than indefinite ownership claims of “land”, claim a definite ownership of a definite congregation[1] of atoms: fertilized soil, a flower garden, a vegetable garden, a vegetable from that vegetable garden, a path, a pond, park, bowling green, soccer pitch, road, highway, car park, gold mine, gold nugget, a big hole made by the foundations of a house (and the house), a small hole made by the post of a fence (and the fence), a mud pie, sand castle, etc. These things are definite and evidently the result of human action and are thus valid property. Claim ownership of that which can be owned: your body (property) and the property created by your body; but don’t claim ownership of “land”.

By what possible or probable human action can one make a valid claim to own an indefinite (and thus potentially unlimited) congregation[1] of atoms such as “land”?

Is it not the case that any evident act of human action is necessarily definite about which atoms have been acted upon and therefore not indefinite about which atoms have been acted upon?

How can competing ownership claims of atoms be arbitrated without appeal to the objective standard of evident and definite human action?

In conclusion, a valid claim of property or ownership is based upon, and limited by, those definite atoms upon which a human can legitimately act and did evidently act.

1. A collection or mass of separate things. - Webster’s Dictionary, 1913.

Geoanarchism: A Short Summary

Fri, 18 May 2012 09:07:00 +0100

Geoanarchism: A Short Summary :

We begin with the classical division of the inputs of production, or “factors” as economists call them. The three classical factors are land, labor, and capital goods.

Land includes all natural resources, and excludes all that is a product of human action. Labor is any human exertion in the production of wealth (goods and services). Capital goods are produced tools, goods which serve to produce other goods. All improvements to a location are capital goods, including clearing, draining, and preparing a site for construction.

Geoism includes a moral philosophy regarding property. Human beings properly own their own bodies and lives. But self-ownership does not extend to land. Geoists recognize that markets function well when the owners control the use of property, and so geoism includes individual rights to possess land.

Geoanarchism: A short summary of geoism and its relation to libertarianism by Fred Foldvary

"Whoever has learnt to be anxious in the right way has learnt the ultimate."

Sun, 13 May 2012 11:53:00 +0100

“Whoever has learnt to be anxious in the right way has learnt the ultimate.”

- Søren Kierkegaard

Why We Should Stop Segregating Children by Age

Mon, 07 May 2012 10:35:00 +0100

Why We Should Stop Segregating Children by Age:

We adults flatter ourselves when we think that we are the best models, guides, and teachers for children. Children are much more interested in other children than in us. Children are especially interested in, and ready to learn from, those others who are a little older than themselves, a little farther along in their development, but not too far along. Children are drawn to older children, and older children are drawn to adolescents. Adulthood is too far off to be of much concern. That is why age-mixing is crucial to children’s self-education.

Younger children want to do what older children do. Children on the verge of being able to play strategy games, or read, or perform new operations on the computer, or engage in more advanced athletic activities, become motivated to do so by observing those activities in older children and adolescents. In our study of how and why children learn to read at the school, some told us that they wanted to read because they were envious of the older kids who were reading and talking about what they had read. As one student put it, “I wanted the same magic they had; I wanted to join that club.” Younger children don’t just blindly mimic older ones. Rather, they watch, think about what they see, and incorporate what they learn into their own behavior in ways that make sense to them. Because of this, even the mistakes and unhealthy behaviors of older children can provide positive lessons for younger ones. Young children talk endlessly about what they like and don’t like about the activities of the older ones around them. Negative models can be as helpful as positive ones.

Older children are excellent helpers and advisors of younger children, partly because they do not help or advise too much. Children often prefer to ask an older child rather than an adult for help or advice, even when an adult is available whom they could easily ask. I suspect there are many reasons for this, but one of the main reasons, I think, has to do with control. Children seeking help or advice do not want to give up their own control of the situation. They don’t want any more help than what they ask for, and they want to decide themselves whether or not to accept what is offered. So, here is a valuable lesson that we adults can learn from children about helping and advising children: Don’t give more help, or more advice, than is asked for! Come to think of it, the same lesson applies to helping and advising adults.

Older children expand their own understanding through explanations to younger children. Everyone who has ever been a teacher knows that we learn more when we teach than when we are taught. The requirement to put ideas into words that others can understand, and the need to think through objections that others might make, leads us to think deeply about what we thought we knew. Often this leads us to a better understanding than we had before. In an age-mixed environment, children, not just adults, can learn through teaching.

Older children develop compassion and nurturing skills through helping younger ones. Even more valuable than the cognitive gains derived from interacting with younger children are the moral gains. To develop effectively as responsible, ethical beings, children need to have the experience of caring for others, not just the experience of being cared for by others.

Sudbury Valley has about 200 students, who range in age from 4 on through high-school age (age 18 or so). It seems to work great for everyone in that age range, and I think such a broad mix is valuable for everyone. The 18-year-olds are sometimes almost like uncles or aunts to some of the 4-year-olds. They are, I think, learning to be parents. In our culture we provide very little opportunity for people to learn how to be parents, until they actually are.

Psychology Today: Why We Should Stop Segregating Children by Age: Part III - Older Children Are Excellent Models, Helpers, and Teachers by Peter Gray

Robert Newman gets to grips with the wars and politics of the...

Fri, 04 May 2012 14:14:00 +0100

Robert Newman gets to grips with the wars and politics of the last hundred years – but rather than adhering to the history we were fed at school, this show places oil centre stage as the cause of all commotion.

Robert Newman’s History of Oil

The war rhetoric from Washington towards Iran is again being...

Fri, 04 May 2012 13:33:02 +0100

The war rhetoric from Washington towards Iran is again being ramped up – just ahead of the second round of high-level international talks on the country’s nuclear program. US military top brass claim they would need just three weeks to defeat Iran’s armed forces.

RussiaToday: Encircling Iran: US claims would win in 3 weeks

The phrase petrodollar warfare refers to a hypothesis that one of the driving forces of United States foreign policy over recent decades has been the status of the United States dollar as the world’s dominant reserve currency and as the currency in which oil is priced.

The hypothesis: Most oil sales throughout the world are denominated in United States dollars (USD). According to proponents of the petrodollar warfare hypothesis, because most countries rely on oil imports, they are forced to maintain large stockpiles of dollars in order to continue imports. This creates a consistent demand for USDs and upwards pressure on the USD’s value, regardless of economic conditions in the United States. This in turn allegedly allows the US government to gain revenues through seignorage and by issuing bonds at lower interest rates than they otherwise would be able to. As a result the U.S. government can run higher budget deficits at a more sustainable level than can most other countries. A stronger USD also means that goods imported into the United States are relatively cheap. Political enemies of the United States therefore have some interest in seeing oil denominated in euros or other currencies.

In 2000, Iraq converted all its oil transactions under the Oil for Food program to euros. When U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, it returned oil sales from the euro to the USD.

The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran takes this theory as fact. As retaliation to this policy seen as neoimperialism, Iran has made an effort to create its own Iranian Oil Bourse which has sold oil in Gold, Euros, Dollars, and Japanese Yen since its opening. The theory is supported historically by Iranian intellectuals as a move made by the American elites after World War II with the Bretton Woods Act, taking away Gold backing from the Pound Sterling and discreetly starting the eventual pegging of Gulf Arab Oil producers’ currencies after Britain gave them independence in 1961 and 1971. These countries were further secured militarily after the Gulf War in 1990. This pegging of the currencies along with the exchanges being exclusively in USD in only two places, the IPE in London and NYMEX in New York City, has given the United States a near monopoly, with growing economies such as India and China waiting in line for orders. Critics say this revolutionary move by Iran in creating a rival market may also be one of the reasons for the ongoing energy-related US competition with Iran.

Wikipedia: Petrodollar warfare

"An anarchist is anyone who believes in less government than you do."

Mon, 30 Apr 2012 17:37:29 +0100

“An anarchist is anyone who believes in less government than you do.”

- Robert LeFevre

Treating Land as Capital

Thu, 26 Apr 2012 21:01:00 +0100

Treating Land as Capital:

… the French Physiocrats (who introduced the expression “laissez faire” to the field of economics) advocated an “impôt unique,” or single tax, on land values. They considered land rent to be a “produit net” or “surplus product” accruing to the landholder after all the payments to labor and capital had been made. (Marx erroneously attached this term to the profits of capital. His correction, which has been ignored by most Marxists, came too late, appearing in convoluted form toward the end of the posthumously published Volume III of Capital. Confounding land with capital is another of his distortions of classical liberal thought.)

Classical liberalism did not oppose wealth, but opposed class based on privilege (literally, “private legislation”) by which some were enabled to get wealth at the expense of others. Marx used the term “class envy” to tap into the legitimacy of classical liberalism, but, having obliterated the distinction between wealth (capital) and privilege (land titles, etc.), he promoted an indiscriminate attack against wealth generally. In response, some landed aristocrats who were themselves threatened by classical liberalism threw their support behind Marx, while others, who had no good answers to the principled criticisms of classical liberals, seized the opportunity to rail against all criticisms as “socialist,” “communist” or “Marxist.”

While Marx treated land as capital to attack it, anti-Marxists treat land as capital to defend it. This not only accepts the Marxist redefinition of capital, but causes anti-Marxists to say absurd things about land that make sense only with regard to true capital.

Common Rights vs. Collective Rights by Dan Sullivan

Real Estate 4 Ransom is a documentary about global property...

Thu, 26 Apr 2012 21:01:00 +0100

Real Estate 4 Ransom is a documentary about global property speculation and its impact on the economy. Real Estate 4 Ransom considers the changing motivations behind property investment and challenges the notion that the Global Financial Crisis was caused by bank lending alone.

Real Estate 4 Ransom

(An unfortunate plea for statist action. Noted for economic analysis of land.)

Bitcoin and the State: Asking Permission to Be Free

Sat, 21 Apr 2012 15:11:13 +0100

Bitcoin and the State: Asking Permission to Be Free:

If [a] court decides that Bitcoin is money, it means that anyone downloading the source and starting their own Block Chain has de-facto started their own currency … anyone trying to set up a Block Chain will be branded a counterfeiter.

Bitcoin is a threat to the State, and in an all electronic money world, it is an existential threat. There is no possibility that the State will allow Bitcoin to supplant or even co exist with their centralized electronic fiat currency; the only way Bitcoin can win is if it becomes too big to destroy without dealing a fatal blow to the economy. I assure you that if SSL did not exist, it would not be adopted now because of ‘fears over terrorists hiding their communications’. At the very least all SSL communications would require a back door in the form of the secret key being deposited with the State. This was actually legislated in France with PGP key pairs. It follows from all of this that what is required is the building of the world-changing Bitcoin services that are needed, without running to the State for prior approval or licensing, so that they become a de facto standard service that if it is tampered with in any way, will kill society.

The Monetary Future: Bitcoin and the State: Asking Permission to Be Free by Irdial Discs

Bitcoin is Voluntarist Not Socialist

Mon, 09 Apr 2012 11:44:00 +0100

Bitcoin is Voluntarist Not Socialist:

I suspect that many socialists who advocate the adoption of Bitcoin are having a profound internal struggle with the emergence of not only Bitcoin but of the internet itself and its astonishing, undeniable example of stateless cooperation between men that has had the effect of benefiting everyone.

The next great shift on the internet is going to be the complete disruption of the sclerotic bank mediated money transfer systems in favour of internet facilitated money transfers that remove banks from the process flow. This event will cause a great acceleration in the transaction rate of commerce world-wide, will de-fund the socialist states and be of great benefit to everyone everywhere.

Money sees the State as damage and routes around it.

The Monetary Future: Bitcoin is Voluntarist Not Socialist by Irdial Disc

Mindsight: Shame on the Brain

Mon, 09 Apr 2012 11:43:00 +0100

Mindsight: Shame on the Brain:

Imagine a car with the accelerator smoothly functioning. When we need to be seen and understood by others, our attachment circuits are revved up; we are in a state of seeking connection. And when our need is met, we move forward happily through our lives. But if we are not seen, if our caregivers do not attune to us, and we are met with the experience of feeling invisible or misunderstood, our nervous system responds with a sudden activation of the brake portion of its regulatory circuits. Slamming on the brakes creates a distinctive physiological response: heaviness in the chest, nausea in the belly, and downcast or turned-away eyes. We literally shrink into ourselves from a pain that is often beneath our awareness. This nauseating and jolting shift occurs whenever we are ignored or given confusing signals by others and it is experienced as a state of shame.

Shame states are common in children whose parents are repeatedly unavailable or who habitually fail to attune to them. When shame from nonattuned communication is combined with parental hostility, toxic humiliation ensues. These isolated states of being – shame intensified by humiliation – burn themselves into our synaptic connections. Now the slammed-on brakes of the freeze response are painfully combined with the floored accelerator of rage. In the future we’ll be vulnerable to reactivating the state of shame or humiliation in contexts that resemble the original situation – as happened when Matthew needed to be seen and cared for by a female, whether it was his mother when he was a child or his girlfriends as an adult.

As the child grows older and the cortex develops more fully, the state of shame becomes associated with cortically constructed belief that the self is defective. From the point of view of survival, “I am bad” is a safer perspective than “My parents are unreliable and may abandon me at any time.” It’s better for the child to feel defective than to realize that his attachment figures are dangerous, undependable, or untrustworthy. The mental mechanism of shame at least preserves for him the illusion of safety and security that is at the core of his sanity. It is here that we begin to see the developmental and neural origins of many of Matthew’s underlying issues and of his states of humiliation and rage, fear and anxiety, shame and frozen terror: fight, flight, and freeze. Because he hadn’t integrated these reactive states into his own narrative, he was as helpless in dealing with them as he had been when he was a little boy and his mother entered his room with a grim face and a belt.

In life we do the best we can, but the shame-based conviction that we are defective, which often goes underground, beneath our cortical consciousness, can sabotage us if it remains unconscious. Although such subterranean shame can compel us to succeed – to prove we are good and worthy of others’ respect and admiration – our developmentally ancient feelings of being damaged goods are likely to surface at any hint of stress or failure, and we may become highly reactive in order to keep others at a distance. We need to prevent them – and ourselves – from becoming aware of our shadowy past, the hidden truth of our rotten self. In our personal lives, intimacy is compromised because the closer others come to the real self beneath our public persona, the more vulnerable we feel and the more alarmed we are that this secret truth about our defective nature may be revealed.

Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation by Daniel Siegel (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED)

Mindsight: A Preoccupied Mind

Sun, 08 Apr 2012 11:17:00 +0100

Mindsight: A Preoccupied Mind:

On the one hand he knew that Sara loved him; on the other hand he didn’t think he could trust what she said. Other women had left him in the past – why would she be any different?

It is characteristic of the AAI category called “preoccupied,” [that] issues from the past continue to intrude on experiences in the present.

When a child gazes into his parent’s face, he is looking for a response that mirrors his own mind. When the communication we receive as a child is open and direct, receptive and attuned, we develop a clear sense of who we are. Our resonance circuits allow us to see ourselves in the face of another and our mindsight lens develops with clarity. But what if the mirror is distorted by the parent’s own preoccupations and states of mind? Ambivalent childhood attachment is associated with a history of inconsistent parental attunement combined with episodes of parental intrusiveness. The child cannot see himself clearly in the eyes of his caregiver, and the result is a confused sense of self. A central theme of the preoccupied narrative is: I need others but I cannot depend on them.

Another way to understand ambivalent attachment is to talk about “emotional entanglement.” A child like Greg is linked to his mother, but he is unable to become differentiated, to have a separate emotional life or identity. The mother’s confusing responses which are driven by her own anxieties, disrupt the balance between differentiation and linkage necessary for integration. Greg becomes filled with his mother’s anxiety even when he himself is not feeling anxious. Whatever the internal state he began with, her state has molded to his. At moments of potential loss and uncertainty, Greg’s mind bursts through his window of tolerance, pushing him towards chaos.

Greg came to understand that his doubts about Sara were driven by his old feelings of emotional abandonment. These feelings were embedded in his implicit memory and dominated his right hemisphere’s data banks. While he did not have “flashbacks” in the PTSD sense, Greg became aware that these intrusions of intense emotion derived from past events were still driving his life narrative today.

Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation by Daniel Siegel (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED)

Mindsight: The Healing Power of Presence

Sat, 07 Apr 2012 19:24:13 +0100

Mindsight: The Healing Power of Presence:

Young children need attunement with caregivers to feel seen and safe in the world. As parents, we can attune not only to our child’s outbursts of categorical emotion – such as sadness or fear – but also to primary emotional states such as being energized, alert, focused, sleepy, or subdued. Parents who wait for a categorical emotion to arise before they “connect emotionally” with a child are missing the majority of important opportunities to attune. Attunement with a child’s primary emotions is available moment by moment, as we pay attention to whatever has captured her attention. We can also tune in to our child’s internal world by noting her levels of arousal. Is she engaged or depleted, lively or subdued? Having this primary emotional attunement to our children helps them feel deeply connected to others; as we resonate with them, they feel part of a larger “we.”

If I could be present fully with Anne, if I could let my own internal world resonate with hers and remain open myself, I could help her track her sensations and uncover their meaning, widening her windows of tolerance. Recall that the resonance circuits include mirror neurons that would enable Anne to resonate with my own reactions to her. My being present fully with Anne at moments of distress could help her mirror my own feelings of safety. Here is a key fact about relationships: The resonance circuitry not only allows us to “feel felt” and to connect with one another, but it also helps to regulate our internal state. In other words, the interpersonal resonance between Anne and me could help her widen her window of tolerance, so she’d feel safe enough to feel her own feelings. This is how in the moment, face-to-face, we help one another grow, and initiate the long-term synaptic changes that help us even when we’re apart.

Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation by Daniel Siegel (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED)

Mindsight: Making Sense of Our Lives

Fri, 06 Apr 2012 16:18:16 +0100

Mindsight: Making Sense of Our Lives:

When it comes to how our children will be attached to us, having difficult experiences early in life is less important than whether we’ve found a way to make sense of how those experiences have affected us. The research instrument that measures how we have “made sense” of our lives is called the Adult Attachment Interview. If I were to give you a version of the AAI, I would ask you a series of questions paraphrased like these.

What was your childhood like? What was your relationship like with each parent – and were there other people with whom you were close as a child? Whom were you closest to and why?

I’d ask you to give me several words that described your early relationship with each parent or caregiver, and then I’d ask for a few memories that illustrated each of those words.

The questions would go on: What was it like when you were separated, upset, threatened, or fearful? Did you experience loss as a child – and if so, what was that like for you and your family? How did your relationships change over time? Why do you think your caregivers behaved as they did? When you think back on all these questions, how do you think your earliest experiences have impacted your development as an adult?

And if you have children I’d ask you these questions: How do you think these experiences have affected your parenting? What do you wish for your child in the future? And finally, when your child is twenty-five, what do you hope he or she will say are the most important things he or she learned from you?

Answering this set of open-ended questions is like diving deeply into areas of untapped memory. When I was doing research with the AAI, many subjects told me that the interview was the most helpful therapy session they’d ever had. As a therapist I found this especially amazing because the research protocols required that I be as neutral as humanly possible. Nevertheless, something about these questions repeatedly prompted new discoveries even in individuals who’d had years of therapy.

Mindsight: The New Science of Personal Transformation by Daniel Siegel (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED)

"The reason we don’t have empathy for the victim is because we have been a victim and we want..."

Fri, 06 Apr 2012 16:18:08 +0100

“The reason we don’t have empathy for the victim is because we have been a victim and we want to avoid that helplessness.”

- Stefan Molyneux